Thymogen
EW - Glu-Trp
Thymus-derived immunomodulatory dipeptide. Often discussed as the synthetic active sequence isolated from Thymalin research.
Complete English guide to Russian peptides
Khavinson peptides and Russian peptide bioregulators, mapped in English.
Professor Vladimir Khatskelevich Khavinson (1946-2024) built a decades-long Russian research program around peptide bioregulators. English readers usually meet only Epitalon. This complete guide separates synthetic short peptides, natural organ complexes, Russian clinical preparations, benefits from studies, dosage from studies, side effects, and FDA/legal status so the field is easier to navigate.
39
named bioregulators covered across synthetic and natural families
17
core synthetic short peptides in Khavinson's 2014 research table
21
Cytomax natural organ-complex names listed by e-Peptide
6
well-known Russian/USSR clinical peptide preparations
Written by: Khavinson Atlas editorial team.
Medical review status: pending. This page has not been reviewed by a physician or pharmacist.
Last reviewed: May 5, 2026.
Funding: no peptide sales, vendor links, sponsorships, or affiliate commissions.
Educational use only
This site is a research navigation aid, not medical advice. Do not use it to decide whether to buy, inject, compound, prescribe, or combine peptides. Many peptides discussed online are not FDA-approved drugs, and product identity, purity, route, sterility, dose, and adverse-event data may be uncertain. Discuss any health decision with a licensed clinician.
Quick answer
What are Khavinson peptide bioregulators?
Khavinson peptide bioregulators are short peptides or organ-derived peptide complexes from a Russian research tradition associated with Professor Vladimir Khavinson and colleagues. In English searches, the category usually includes synthetic short peptides such as Epitalon, Pinealon, Vesugen, Vilon, and Thymogen; tissue-extract clinical preparations such as Thymalin and Epithalamin; and commercial Cytomax/Cytogen product-family names.
The key SEO and research problem is terminology. A single tissue target can appear as a natural extract, a synthetic sequence, a transliterated Russian product name, and a vendor-facing supplement family. This site maps names and sources without giving protocols or buying advice.
Research guides
High-interest peptide pages
Separate static pages target the major search-intent clusters without crowding the homepage.
Epitalon / Epithalon
AEDG, Epithalamin, benefits from studies, dosage from studies, side effects, FDA/legal status.
Thymalin / Thymogen
Thymus extract, EW dipeptide, immune benefits from studies, study-dose caveats, side effects, FDA/legal status.
Pinealon / EDR
Memory and nootropic benefit claims, EDR sequence, dosage from studies, side effects, FDA/legal status.
Vesugen / KED
Vascular benefits from studies, KED sequence, dosage from studies, side effects, FDA/legal status.
Cytomax vs Cytogen
Natural complexes, synthetic sequences, Cytamins, cytomedins, product taxonomy, FDA/legal caveats.
Complete Khavinson peptides list
Russian peptides list, sequences, benefits/dosage routing, side effects, FDA/legal status, Cytamins, cytomedins.
Khavinson peptides glossary
Cytomax, Cytogen, Cytamins, cytomedins, Epitalon, Epithalamin, Thymalin, Thymogen, AEDG, EDR, KED.
Vendor claims vs evidence
Non-vendor source checks for benefits, dosage, side effects, FDA status, and common peptide comparisons.
Why this field is confusing
One name, several product families
The phrase "Khavinson peptides" is used loosely. It can mean early tissue-extract drugs such as Thymalin and Epithalamin, synthetic two-to-four amino acid sequences such as Epitalon and Vesugen, or later oral/sublingual supplement families such as Cytomax and Cytogen.
The high-interest Western search terms are usually "Epitalon," "Pinealon," "Thymalin," "Vesugen," and "peptide bioregulators." The deeper Russian-language catalog is larger, and many names have multiple transliterations.
Quick terminology
- Peptide bioregulator
- Khavinson's broad term for tissue-specific regulatory peptide preparations.
- Cytomedin
- Older Russian term for tissue-derived regulatory peptide complexes.
- Cytomax
- Commercial natural organ-derived peptide-complex family.
- Cytogen
- Commercial synthesized short-peptide family.
- Sequence code
- Single-letter amino acid notation, such as AEDG for Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly.
Keyword intent map
Common searches this site answers carefully
Many search results for Russian peptides, peptide bioregulators, Epitalon benefits, Thymalin dosage, Pinealon side effects, or Vesugen FDA status jump directly to protocols or vendor claims. This site treats those as research questions first.
| Search intent | Best page | How we answer it |
|---|---|---|
| Khavinson peptides complete guide / Russian peptides list | Complete list | Names, sequences, target tissues, and alternate spellings without product ranking. |
| Epitalon benefits from studies, dosage from studies, side effects, FDA status, legal status | Epitalon / AEDG | Separates identity and study exposures from anti-aging protocols and FDA-status claims. |
| Thymalin benefits from studies, dosage from studies, side effects, FDA status, legal status | Thymalin vs Thymogen | Maps thymus peptide terminology, older study-dose language, and immune-claim limits. |
| Cytomax vs Cytogen, Cytamins, cytomedins, FDA status, legal status | Cytomax vs Cytogen | Explains product-family language, supplement/catalog caveats, and why catalogs are not clinical proof. |
| Pinealon dosage, memory benefits, side effects, FDA/legal status | Pinealon | Uses secondary literature and mechanism studies without presenting nootropic or treatment protocols. |
| Vesugen dosage, vascular benefits, side effects, FDA/legal status | Vesugen | Separates cell-culture exposures, vascular mechanism markers, and limited Russian clinical abstracts from treatment claims. |
| Khavinson peptide dosage / peptide side effects | Safety and legal guide | Explains why protocols are excluded and why side effects depend on product, route, purity, sterility, and patient context. |
| Peptide forum, peptide Reddit, protocol, cycle, or stack claims | Forum claim checks | Uses forum language to identify search demand while keeping anecdotes, vendor reviews, and stack threads separate from evidence. |
Editorial method
How this page evaluates evidence
The highest-confidence facts on this site are identity facts: names, amino-acid sequences, source documents, transliterations, and which product family a term belongs to. Health outcomes are treated more cautiously because much of the literature is preclinical, Russian-language, observational, or concentrated in the Khavinson research network.
Commercial catalogs are used only to identify product-family names and claimed tissue targets. They are not used as proof that a peptide treats disease, slows aging, or is safe for human use.
Source hierarchy
- Primary identity source
- Khavinson 2014 table for synthetic peptide names, sequences, and stated biological activity.
- Peer-reviewed reviews
- Useful for mechanism context, but many are Khavinson-network publications.
- PubMed clinical literature
- Useful for historical Russian clinical claims, not a substitute for modern independent trials.
- Commercial taxonomy
- Used only for Cytomax/Cytogen names and claimed tissue targets.
- Forums and vendor pages
- Used for search-intent awareness, not as evidence of efficacy or safety.
Safety and regulation
FDA approval, Russian clinical use, and product catalogs are different things
A peptide appearing in a paper, Russian clinical review, supplement catalog, or online protocol does not mean it is FDA-approved, clinically proven, sterile, correctly labeled, or appropriate for human use. U.S. readers should treat anti-aging, telomerase, immune, and disease-treatment claims as unestablished unless a regulator and modern clinical evidence say otherwise.
Catalog
Known Khavinson peptide families
Use search or the filters to narrow by category. Cards use cautious language such as "researched for" or "positioned as" because much of the literature comes from Khavinson's group or Russian-language sources.
Showing all catalog entries.
| Name cluster | Type | Sequence | Target / context | Evidence caveat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epitalon / Epithalon / AEDG | Synthetic short peptide | AEDG | Pineal / neuroendocrine research | Popular Western term; human claims remain limited and not protocol guidance. |
| Thymalin / Timalin | Clinical peptide complex | Not a single sequence | Thymus / immune-aging literature | Russian clinical history does not equal U.S. approval. |
| Thymogen / Timogen | Synthetic short peptide | EW | Thymus / immune research | Often confused with Thymalin and thymosin alpha-1. |
| Pinealon / EDR | Synthetic short peptide | EDR | Brain / nervous-system research | Mostly preclinical or Khavinson-network literature. |
| Vesugen / Vezugen / KED | Synthetic short peptide | KED | Vascular / endothelial research | KED also appears inside other Khavinson sequences. |
| Cytomax / Cytogen | Commercial taxonomy | Varies | Natural complexes vs synthetic short peptides | Catalog names are not clinical proof. |
Core synthesized short peptides
Names are from Khavinson's 2014 table unless marked Cytogen-only; common English spellings are added.
Vilon
KE - Lys-Glu
Short dipeptide researched for tissue-regeneration signaling and immune-related gene-expression work.
Normoftal
KE - Lys-Glu
Retina-focused peptide name in the Khavinson table. Shares the KE sequence listed for Vilon but is positioned around retinal function.
Cartalax
AED - Ala-Glu-Asp
Tripeptide positioned for cartilage, joints, and connective-tissue aging research.
Pinealon
EDR - Glu-Asp-Arg
Brain and pineal-axis tripeptide studied for neural aging models, circadian biology, and neuroprotection hypotheses.
Chonluten
EDG - Glu-Asp-Gly
Respiratory-system peptide, also transliterated from Russian sources as Honluten.
Vesugen
KED - Lys-Glu-Asp
Vascular tripeptide researched in endothelial, capillary, and microcirculation contexts.
Crystagen
EDP - Glu-Asp-Pro
Immune/thymus-oriented tripeptide described as an immunomodulator in the Khavinson table.
Ovagen
EDL - Glu-Asp-Leu
Liver-function peptide in the synthetic catalog, sometimes discussed alongside broader digestive-system bioregulation.
Epitalon
AEDG - Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly
The best-known Khavinson short peptide in Western longevity circles. It is tied to pineal, neuroendocrine, melatonin, and telomerase research, but it is not the same as Epithalamin.
Prostamax
KEDP - Lys-Glu-Asp-Pro
Prostate-focused tetrapeptide positioned around urogenital tissue regulation.
Livagen
KEDA - Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala
Liver-function tetrapeptide appearing in chromatin and aging-related peptide bioregulator literature.
Cortagen
AEDP - Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro
Brain/cortex tetrapeptide discussed in neural tissue and central nervous system research.
Pancragen
KEDW - Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp
Pancreas-focused tetrapeptide studied in pancreatic-cell differentiation and endocrine-function contexts.
Cardiogen
AEDR - Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg
Cardiac/myocardial tetrapeptide researched for heart-tissue gene-expression and stress-response models.
Testagen
KEDG - Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly
Male reproductive and testicular-function tetrapeptide in the Khavinson catalog.
Bronchogen
AEDL - Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu
Bronchial tetrapeptide researched for respiratory epithelium gene-expression and tissue-function hypotheses.
Vesilut
Sequence reported inconsistently
Bladder-focused synthesized Cytogen listed in commercial catalogs. Public English sources disagree on the exact short sequence, so it is separated from the 2014 table entries.
Cytomax natural organ peptide complexes
These are commercial natural peptide-complex names, not single defined amino-acid sequences.
Endoluten
Pineal gland / neuroendocrine system.
Vladonix
Thymus / immune system.
Visoluten
Retinal tissue / visual system.
Ventfort
Blood vessels / vascular system.
Bonomarlot
Bone marrow / blood-forming tissue.
Bonothyrk
Parathyroid gland.
Glandokort
Adrenal glands.
Gotratix
Muscle tissue.
Zhenoluten
Female reproductive system.
Libidon
Prostate tissue.
Pielotax
Kidney tissue.
Svetinorm
Liver tissue.
Sigumir
Joints, cartilage, and spine.
Stamakort
Stomach mucosa.
Suprefort
Pancreas.
Testoluten
Male reproductive system / testes.
Cerluten
Brain tissue.
Taxorest
Bronchial mucosa.
Chelohart
Heart / myocardium.
Chitomur
Urinary bladder.
Thyreogen
Thyroid gland.
Russian/USSR clinical peptide preparations often linked to Khavinson
These are commonly cited as clinical peptide preparations from the same research program. Regulatory status is country-specific.
Thymalin / Timalin
Thymus peptide complex used in Russian immunology and gerontology literature.
Epithalamin
Pineal-gland peptide complex. Often confused with Epitalon, the synthetic AEDG tetrapeptide.
Cortexin
Cerebral-cortex polypeptide complex associated with Russian neurology use.
Prostatilen
Prostate peptide preparation, also encountered through related names such as Samprost and Vitaprost.
Retinalamin
Retinal peptide preparation appearing in ophthalmology-related Russian literature.
Thymogen
Also a defined synthetic dipeptide, so it appears in both the clinical and synthetic maps.
No matching peptides found. Try a tissue name such as "liver," "retina," or "vascular."
Evidence
How to read the research without getting misled
What is solid enough to say
Khavinson and colleagues published a substantial body of work on short peptides, tissue extracts, gene expression, protein synthesis, animal aging models, and Russian clinical use. The names and sequences in the synthetic catalog are documented in English-language papers and translated Russian literature.
What remains weak
Many claims are preclinical, small, observational, or concentrated within the same Russian research network. Western-style independent replication, modern randomized trials, transparent product quality data, and adverse-event reporting are limited for many entries.
What this site avoids
No injection guidance, no cycle schedules, no vendor recommendations, no claims that a peptide reverses aging, and no assumption that a Russian supplement name maps cleanly to a pharmaceutical-grade ingredient.
Popular searches
What English readers usually want to compare
| Search term | Usually means | Common confusion | Best next query |
|---|---|---|---|
| Epitalon | Synthetic AEDG tetrapeptide | Not identical to Epithalamin | Epitalon benefits and study dosage |
| Thymalin | Thymus peptide complex | Not the same as Thymogen EW | Thymalin dosage and side effects |
| Vesugen | Synthetic KED vascular tripeptide | KED also appears inside other peptide sequences | Vesugen FDA and legal status |
| Pinealon | Synthetic EDR brain/pineal tripeptide | Often grouped with Epitalon for sleep claims | Pinealon memory benefits and side effects |
| Cytomax | Natural organ-derived peptide complex | Not a single defined peptide sequence | Cytamins and cytomedins |
| Khavinson peptide dosage | Protocol-seeking query | Study exposure is not self-use guidance | Dosage policy |
| Peptide side effects | Safety and product-risk query | Side effects cannot be inferred from a sequence alone | Safety caveats |
| FDA status / legal status | U.S. approval or marketing-status query | Research labels and vendor pages are not approval | FDA/legal overview |
| Peptide forum / Reddit peptides | Community discussion and anecdote search | Forum posts can reveal questions, but not product safety or proof | Forum claim checklist |
FAQ
Reader questions worth answering up front
Are Khavinson peptides FDA-approved drugs?
Most Khavinson peptide bioregulators discussed online are not FDA-approved drugs in the United States. Some preparations have Russian or former USSR clinical histories, but regulatory status differs by country and product.
Does this site provide Khavinson peptide dosage or cycle protocols?
No. Dose or exposure details are included only when they are needed to describe a study setting. They are not instructions for self-use, injections, compounding, or product selection.
What side effects or safety risks are known for Khavinson peptides?
Reliable adverse-event rates are not established for many peptide bioregulators discussed online. Product identity, purity, sterility, route, storage, dose, interactions, and patient context can change the risk profile.
Do Khavinson peptides have proven anti-aging benefits in humans?
No anti-aging benefit should be treated as proven from this catalog. Some claims come from preclinical, observational, Russian-language, or Khavinson-network literature, which is not the same as modern independent confirmation.
What is the difference between Cytomax and Cytogen peptides?
In the Khavinson commercial taxonomy, Cytomaxes are natural organ-derived peptide complexes, while Cytogens are synthesized short peptide bioregulators intended to represent a main active short sequence.
Is Epitalon the same as Epithalamin?
No. Epithalamin is a pineal-gland peptide complex; Epitalon or Epithalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide, commonly written AEDG, developed from the same research tradition.
Did Vladimir Khavinson create all of these alone?
No. The research program involved collaborators and institutions, especially the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology and earlier Soviet/Russian medical research settings. This site uses "Khavinson peptides" the way English readers usually use it: peptides from the Khavinson research tradition.
Are these the same type of peptides as BPC-157 or GLP-1 drugs?
No. Khavinson bioregulators are usually ultra-short regulatory peptides or tissue extracts. BPC-157, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and many performance peptides come from different research traditions, have different mechanisms, and have different regulatory histories.
Why are there different spellings?
Russian transliteration varies. You will see Epitalon/Epithalon, Cartalax/Kartalaks, Cortagen/Kortagen, Vesugen/Vezugen, Bronchogen/Bronhogen, and Thymalin/Timalin. The catalog includes common English forms so search still works.
Is Semax a Khavinson peptide?
Semax is a Russian peptide drug in its own country-specific regulatory context, but it is not usually listed as a Khavinson peptide bioregulator. It belongs to a different neuropeptide lineage and should not be folded into this catalog.
Sources
Primary and orientation sources used for this page
Start here before trusting vendor pages or forum protocols.
- Khavinson, "Peptides, Genome, Aging" (Advances in Gerontology, 2014) Core source for the 17 synthesized peptides and sequence table.
- "Peptide Regulation of Gene Expression: A Systematic Review" (Molecules, 2021) Review of short peptides, DNA interactions, histones, and gene-expression claims.
- "Overview of Epitalon - Highly Bioactive Pineal Tetrapeptide with Promising Properties" (International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2025 XML) Recent English review focused on Epitalon/AEDG.
- e-Peptide Cytomax list Natural peptide-complex product-family names and target tissues.
- e-Peptide Cytogen list Commercial synthesized-peptide family and Cytomax/Cytogen terminology.
- PubMed: "Peptide bioregulators: the new class of geroprotectors. Message 2. Clinical studies results" Clinical-review entry naming several Khavinson peptide preparations.
- Khavinson and Morozov 2003 elderly cohort PDF Historical elderly cohort abstract involving Thymalin and Epithalamin; title language is not adopted as a proven claim by this site.
- FDA: Compounding and the FDA, questions and answers U.S. context for compounded drugs, approval, safety, effectiveness, and quality review.
- MedlinePlus: Evaluating Health Information Consumer-facing health-information quality checklist used to shape the site's disclosure model.
- Khavinson.info photogallery Portrait and biographical context for Professor Vladimir Khavinson.